<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements

Rule ID: list
Ruleset: axe-core 4.9
User Impact: Serious
Guidelines: WCAG 2.1 (A), WCAG 2.0 (A), WCAG 2.2 (A), EN 301 549

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Compliance Data & Impact

User Impact

Serious
Minor
Critical

Disabilities Affected

  • Blind
  • Deafblind

Standard(s)

  • WCAG 2.1 (A)
  • WCAG 2.0 (A)
  • WCAG 2.2 (A)
  • EN 301 549

WCAG Success Criteria [WCAG 2.1 (A)]

  • 1.3.1: MUST: Info and Relationships

WCAG Success Criteria [WCAG 2.0 (A)]

  • 1.3.1: MUST: Info and Relationships

WCAG Success Criteria [WCAG 2.2 (A)]

  • 1.3.1: MUST: Info and Relationships

    How to Fix the Problem

    Ensure all ordered and unordered lists (defined by ul or ol elements) contain only li content elements.

    Here is a list, using proper semantic markup:

    <p> These are a few of my favorite things</p>
    <ul>
         <li>Raindrops on roses</li>
         <li>Whiskers on kittens</li>
         <li>Bright copper kettles</li>
         <li>Warm woolen mittens</li>
         <li>Brown paper packages tied up with strings</li>
         <li>Cream colored ponies</li>
         <li>Crisp apple streudels</li>
         <li>Doorbells and sleigh bells</li>
         <li>Schnitzel with noodles</li>
         <li>Wild geese that fly with the moon on their wings</li>
         <li>Girls in white dresses with blue satin sashes</li>
         <li>Snowflakes that stay on my nose and eyelashes</li>
         <li>Silver white winters that melt into springs</li>
     </ul>

    Why it Matters

    Screen readers have a specific way of announcing lists. This feature makes lists clearer to understand, but will only work if lists are properly structured.

    When content elements other than list items are contained within a set of list elements, screen readers cannot inform the listener that they are listening to items within the list.

    For a list to be valid, it must have both parent elements (a set of ul elements or a set of ol elements) and child elements (declared inside of these tags using the li element), and any other content elements are invalid.

    Although some non-content elements such as script, template, style, meta, link, map, area, and datalist are permitted within lists, content elements other than li are not permitted.

    Rule Description

    Lists must be marked up correctly, meaning they must not contain content elements other than li elements.

    The Algorithm (in simple terms)

    Ensures that lists are structured correctly.

    Resources

    Other Resources

    You may also want to check out these other resources.

    Refer to the complete list of axe 4.9 rules.

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