{"loading":"Loading rules...","axeRules":"axe Rules","dequeSystems":"Deque Systems","dequeLogoAlt":"Deque logo","mainDequeWebsite":"Main Deque Website","skipToContent":"Skip to Content","setLanguage":"Set Language","dequeUniversity":"Deque University","dequeUniversityLogoAlt":"Deque University logo","listOfAxeRules":"List of axe _urlVersion_ rules | Deque University | Deque Systems","automatedRuleDisclaimer":"These are automated accessibility checks. Manual checks are also required. Learn how through our accessibility curriculum<\/a>","howToFix":"How to Fix the Problem","whyItMatters":"Why it Matters","ruleDescription":"Rule Description","algorithmInSimpleTerms":"The Algorithm (in simple terms)","whyImportant":"Why it Matters","description":"Rule Description","algorithm":"The Algorithm (in simple terms)","ruleId":"Rule ID","resources":"Resources","dquCourses":"Deque University Course Pages (subscription required)","otherResources":"Other Resources","otherResourcesDescription":"You may also want to check out these other resources.","completeListOfRules":"Refer to the complete list of axe rules<\/a>.","completeListOfRulesText":"Refer to the complete list of axe rules<\/a>.","listOfVersions":"List of versions","listOfAxeRuleTypeRules":"List of rules","githubLogoAlt":"GitHub logo","contributeOnGitHub":"Contribute to axe-core on GitHub","warningLowerCase":"warning","warning":"Warning","error":"Error","warningLatestVersion":"You are viewing older version of the rules. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Go to the latest version ()","youHaveNotEnteredFeedback":"You have not entered your feedback for improvement.","deafblind":"Deafblind","deaf":"Deaf","blind":"Blind","mobility":"Mobility","cognitive":"Cognitive","color":"Colorblindness","lowVision":"Low Vision","keyboard":"Keyboard","speech":"Speech","add":"Attention Deficit","dyslexia":"Dyslexia","seizure":"Seizure","notSpecified":"Not specified, or not applicable","sightedKeyboardUsers":"Sighted Keyboard Users","attentionDeficit":"Attention Deficit","colorblind":"Colorblindness","colorblindness":"Colorblindness","newsletterSignup":"Sign up for the axe newsletter","newsletterDescription":"Stay up to date on axe features, updates, and events.","newsletterSignupButton":"Newsletter Sign-up","noRelatedCourseInformation":"No related course information available.","automated":"These are automated accessibility checks. Manual checks are also required. Learn how through our accessibility curriculum<\/a>.","experimental":"Note: Experimental rule","ruleset":"Ruleset","adsNotLoaded":"Ads could not be loaded","wcagLowerCase":"wcag","wcag":"WCAG","wcagAbbr":"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines","userImpact":"User Impact","disabilitiesAffected":"Disabilities Affected","requirements":"Requirement(s)","standards":"Standard(s)","wcagSuccessCriteria":"WCAG Success Criteria","section508Guidelines":"Section 508 Guidelines","trustedTesterGuidelines":"Trusted Tester Guidelines","en301549Guidelines":"EN 301 549 Guidelines","guidelines":"Guidelines","severity":"Severity","critical":"Critical","serious":"Serious","moderate":"Moderate","minor":"Minor","testMethods":"Test Methods","testAutomated":"","testPartialAutomated":"Partial automated testing is possible, supplemented by manual testing","testManual":"Manual evaluation is required","testSighted":"Requires a sighted user","testScreenReader":"Requires testing with a screen reader","must":"MUST","should":"SHOULD","may":"MAY","rule-audio-caption":"<audio> elements must have a captions <track>","rule-blink":"<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used","rule-definition-list":"<dl> elements must only directly contain properly-ordered <dt> and <dd> groups, <script>, or <template> elements","rule-dlitem":"<dt> and <dd> elements must be contained by a <dl>","rule-html-has-lang":"<html> element must have a lang attribute","rule-html-lang-valid":"<html> element must have a valid value for the lang attribute","rule-html-xml-lang-mismatch":"<html> elements with lang and xml:lang must have the same base language","rule-listitem":"<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>","rule-marquee":"<marquee> elements are deprecated and must not be used","rule-object-alt":"<object> elements must have alternate text","rule-list":"<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements","rule-video-caption":"<video> elements must have a <track> for captions","rule-video-description":"<video> elements must have an audio description <track>","rule-accesskeys":"accesskey attribute value must be unique","rule-area-alt":"Active <area> elements must have alternate text","rule-th-has-data-cells":"All <th> elements and elements with role=\"columnheader\" or role=\"rowheader\" must have data cells they describe","rule-td-headers-attr":"All cells in a <table> element that use the headers attribute must only refer to other cells of that same <table>","rule-td-has-header":"All non-empty <td> elements in tables larger than 3 by 3 must have an associated table header","rule-region":"All page content must be contained by landmarks","rule-href-no-hash":"Anchors must only be used as links with valid URLs or URL fragments","rule-aria-valid-attr":"ARIA attributes must conform to valid names","rule-aria-valid-attr-value":"ARIA attributes must conform to valid values","rule-aria-input-field-name":"ARIA input fields must have an accessible name","rule-aria-allowed-role":"ARIA role must be appropriate for the element","rule-aria-roles":"ARIA roles used must conform to valid values","rule-aria-toggle-field-name":"ARIA toggle fields have an accessible name","rule-aria-hidden-focus":"aria-hidden elements do not contain focusable elements","rule-aria-hidden-body":"aria-hidden=\"true\" must not be present on the document <body>","rule-autocomplete-valid":"Autocomplete attribute must be used correctly","rule-landmark-banner-is-top-level":"Banner landmark must not be contained in another landmark","rule-p-as-heading":"Bold, italic text and font-size are not used to style <p> elements as a heading","rule-button-name":"Buttons must have discernible text","rule-aria-required-parent":"Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parent elements","rule-aria-required-children":"Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children","rule-checkboxgroup":"Checkbox inputs with the same name attribute value must be part of a group","rule-landmark-complementary-is-top-level":"Complementary landmarks and\/or asides are top level","rule-landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level":"Contentinfo landmark must not be contained in another landmark","rule-css-orientation-lock":"CSS Media queries are not used to lock display orientation","rule-table-fake-caption":"Data or header cells should not be used to give caption to a data table","rule-document-title":"Documents must contain a title element to aid in navigation","rule-role-img-alt":"Elements containing role=\"img\"<\/code> have an alternative text","rule-focus-order-semantics":"Elements in the focus order need a role appropriate for interactive content","rule-aria-allowed-attr":"Elements must only use allowed ARIA attributes","rule-tabindex":"Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero","rule-scrollable-region-focusable":"Ensure that scrollable region has keyboard access","rule-label":"Form <input> elements must have labels","rule-label-title-only":"Form <input> elements should have a visible label","rule-form-field-multiple-labels":"Form fields do not have duplicate labels","rule-frame-tested":"Frames must be tested with axe-core","rule-frame-title-unique":"Frames must have a unique title attribute","rule-frame-title":"Frames must have title attribute","rule-heading-order":"Heading levels should only increase by one","rule-empty-heading":"Headings must not be empty","rule-hidden-content":"Hidden content on the page cannot be analyzed","rule-duplicate-id-active":"ID attribute value must be unique","rule-duplicate-id":"ID attribute values must be unique","rule-duplicate-id-aria":"IDs used in ARIA and labels must be unique","rule-input-image-alt":"Image buttons must have alternate text","rule-image-alt":"Images must have alternate text","rule-avoid-inline-spacing":"Inline text spacing must be adjustable with custom stylesheets","rule-input-button-name":"Input buttons must have discernible text","rule-label-content-name-mismatch":"Label and name from content mismatch","rule-landmark-unique":"Landmarks must have a unique role or role\/label\/title (i.e. accessible name) combination","rule-valid-lang":"lang attribute must have a valid value","rule-layout-table":"Layout tables must not use data table elements","rule-link-in-text-block":"Links must be distinguished from surrounding text in a way that does not rely on color","rule-link-name":"Links must have discernible text","rule-landmark-main-is-top-level":"Main landmark must not be contained in another landmark","rule-page-has-heading-one":"Page must contain a level-one heading","rule-bypass":"Page must have means to bypass repeated blocks","rule-landmark-one-main":"Page must have one main landmark","rule-landmark-no-duplicate-banner":"Page must not have more than one banner landmark","rule-landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo":"Page must not have more than one contentinfo landmark","rule-radiogroup":"Radio inputs with the same name attribute value must be part of a group","rule-aria-required-attr":"Required ARIA attributes must be provided","rule-scope-attr-valid":"Scope attribute should be used correctly on tables","rule-server-side-image-map":"Server-side image maps must not be used","rule-color-contrast":"Text elements must have sufficient color contrast against the background","rule-image-redundant-alt":"Text of buttons and links should not be repeated in the image alternative","rule-table-duplicate-name":"The <caption> element should not contain the same text as the summary attribute","rule-skip-link":"The skip-link target should exist and be focusable","rule-meta-refresh":"Timed refresh must not exist","rule-aria-dpub-role-fallback":"Unsupported DPUB ARIA roles should be used on elements with implicit fallback roles","rule-meta-viewport-large":"Users should be able to zoom and scale the text up to 500%","rule-meta-viewport":"Zooming and scaling must not be disabled","rule-aria-roledescription":"Use aria-roledescription on elements with a 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none or presentation must not conflict with other roles.","rule-aria-text":"Ensures \"role=text\" is used on elements with no focusable descendants","rule-empty-table-header":"Ensures table headers have discernible text","rule-nested-interactive":"Nested interactive controls are not announced by screen readers","rule-frame-focusable-content":"Ensures <frame> and <iframe> elements with focusable content do not have tabindex=-1","rule-color-contrast-enhanced":"All text elements must have sufficient contrast between text in the foreground and background colors behind it in accordance with WCAG 2 AAA contrast ratio thresholds.","rule-no-interactive-element-to-noninteractive-role":"Do not assign interactive roles to non-interactive elements","rule-interactive-supports-focus":"Elements with an interactive role and interaction handlers (mouse or key press) must be focusable","rule-click-events-have-key-events":"Enforce a clickable non-interactive element has at least one keyboard event listener","rule-no-noninteractive-element-to-interactive-role":"Hierarchical Sectioning, Heading, and Flow elements should not be assigned interactive roles","rule-no-static-element-interactions":"Non-form HTML elements with event handlers require a role","rule-no-noninteractive-element-interactions":"Non-interactive elements should not be assigned mouse or keyboard event listeners","rule-mouse-events-have-key-events":"onMouseOver must be accompanied by onFocus for accessibility","rule-no-autofocus":"The autoFocus prop should not be used, as it can reduce usability and accessibility for users","rule-anchor-is-valid":"The HTML <a><\/code> element, with a valid href<\/code> attribute, is formally defined as representing a hyperlink.","rule-pdf-manual-validate":"PDF_MANUAL_VALIDATE","rule-pdf-invalid":"PDF_INVALID","rule-pdf-not-marked":"PDF_NOT_MARKED","rule-form-no-tooltip":"FORM_NO_TOOLTIP","rule-image-no-alt":"IMAGE_NO_ALT","rule-image-invalid-alt":"IMAGE_INVALID_ALT","rule-table-complex-structure":"TABLE_COMPLEX_STRUCTURE","rule-table-inconsistent-row-width":"TABLE_INCONSISTENT_ROW_WIDTH","rule-table-invalid-structure":"TABLE_INVALID_STRUCTURE","rule-table-miss-header":"TABLE_MISS_HEADER","rule-table-should-use-caption":"TABLE_SHOULD_USE_CAPTION","ruleInfo-compliance-data-impact":"Compliance Data & Impact","ruleInfo-user-impact":"User Impact","wcag2.0-A-MUST":"WCAG 2.0 (A): MUST","wcag2.1-A-MUST":"WCAG 2.1 (A): MUST","wcag2.0-A-SHOULD":"WCAG 2.0 (A): SHOULD","wcag2.1-A-SHOULD":"WCAG 2.1 (A): SHOULD","wcag2.0-AA-MUST":"WCAG 2.0 (AA): MUST","wcag2.1-AA-MUST":"WCAG 2.1 (AA): MUST","wcag2.0-AA-SHOULD":"WCAG 2.0 (AA): SHOULD","wcag2.1-AA-SHOULD":"WCAG 2.1 (AA): SHOULD","wcag2.0-AAA-SHOULD":"WCAG 2.0 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(Prerecorded)","wcagSc1.2.9":"1.2.9 Audio-only (Live)","wcagGuideline1.3":"Adaptable","wcagSc1.3.1":"1.3.1 Info and Relationships","wcagSc1.3.2":"1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence","wcagSc1.3.3":"1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics","wcagSc1.3.4":"1.3.4 Orientation","wcagSc1.3.5":"1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose","wcagSc1.3.6":"1.3.6 Identify Purpose","wcagGuideline1.4":"Distinguishable","wcagSc1.4.1":"1.4.1 Use of Color","wcagSc1.4.2":"1.4.2 Audio Control","wcagSc1.4.3":"1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum)","wcagSc1.4.4":"1.4.4 Resize text","wcagSc1.4.5":"1.4.5 Images of Text","wcagSc1.4.6":"1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced)","wcagSc1.4.7":"1.4.7 Low or No Background Audio","wcagSc1.4.8":"1.4.8 Visual Presentation","wcagSc1.4.9":"1.4.9 Images of Text (No Exception)","wcagSc1.4.10":"1.4.10 Reflow","wcagSc1.4.11":"1.4.11 Non-text Contrast","wcagSc1.4.12":"1.4.12 Text Spacing","wcagSc1.4.13":"1.4.13 Content on Hover or Focus","wcagGuideline2.1":"2.1 Keyboard Accessible","wcagSc2.1.1":"2.1.1 Keyboard","wcagSc2.1.2":"2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap","wcagSc2.1.3":"2.1.3 Keyboard (No Exception)","wcagSc2.1.4":"2.1.4 Character Key Shortcuts","wcagGuideline2.2":"2.2 Enough Time","wcagSc2.2.1":"2.2.1 Timing Adjustable","wcagSc2.2.2":"2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide","wcagSc2.2.3":"2.2.3 No Timing","wcagSc2.2.4":"2.2.4 Interruptions","wcagSc2.2.5":"2.2.5 Re-authenticating","wcagSc2.2.6":"2.2.6 Timeouts","wcagGuideline2.3":"2.3 Seizures and Physical Reactions","wcagSc2.3.1":"2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below Threshold","wcagSc2.3.2":"2.3.2 Three Flashes","wcagSc2.3.3":"2.3.3 Animations from Interactions","wcagGuideline2.4":"2.4 Navigable","wcagSc2.4.1":"2.4.1 Bypass Blocks","wcagSc2.4.2":"2.4.2 Page Titled","wcagSc2.4.3":"2.4.3 Focus Order","wcagSc2.4.4":"2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context)","wcagSc2.4.5":"2.4.5 Multiple Ways","wcagSc2.4.6":"2.4.6 Headings and Labels","wcagSc2.4.7":"2.4.7 Focus Visible","wcagSc2.4.8":"2.4.8 Location","wcagSc2.4.9":"2.4.9 Link Purpose (Link Only)","wcagSc2.4.10":"2.4.10 Section 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Financial, Data)","wcagSc3.3.5":"3.3.5 Help","wcagSc3.3.6":"3.3.6 Error Prevention (All)","wcagGuideline4.1":"4.1 Robust","wcagSc4.1.1":"4.1.1 Parsing","wcagSc4.1.2":"4.1.2 Name, Role, Value","wcagSc4.1.3":"4.1.3 Status Messages","wasHelpful":"Was this information helpful?","yes":"Yes","no":"No","alreadyGivenFeedback":"You have already given your feedback, thank you.","yourResponse":"Your response was as follows:","improvementFeedback":"Improvement feedback (see below):","dateTimeSubmitted":"Date\/Time feedback was submitted:","editResponse":"Edit your response","howWeCanImprove":"Please tell us how we can improve this content:","feedbackNotChange":"Your feedback has not changed!","thankYouForFeedback":"Thank you for your feedback.","feedbackCancelled":"You have cancelled editing your earlier feedback.","submit":"Submit","cancel":"Cancel","notFound":"not found","contactUs":"Contact Us","requestQuote":"Request a Quote or Demo","accessibilityStatement":"Accessibility Statement","siteMap":"Site Map","address":"2121 Cooperative Way, Suite 210, Herndon, VA 20171","copyright":"© Copyright 2013 - 2025 Deque Systems. All rights reserved. See the Terms of Use<\/a>.","colorContrastAnalyzer":"Color Contrast Analyzer","foregroundColor":"Foreground Color","backgroundColor":"Background Color","hex":"Hex","rgb":"RGB","choose":"Choose","chooseColor":"Color","name":"Name","adjustLightness":"Adjust Lightness","result":"Result","smallSampleText":"Small sample text","largeSampleText":"Large sample text","contrastRatio":"Contrast Ratio","WCAG-Standard":"WCAG Standard","smallText":"Small Text","largeText":"Large Text,
UI Components,
& Graphical Objects","fail":"FAIL","pass":"Pass","title":"Axe Rules | Deque University | Deque Systems","axe-rules":true,"html-blink":"<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used","html-definition-list":"<dl> elements must only directly contain properly-ordered <dt> and <dd> groups, <script>, or <template> elements","html-dlitem":"<dt> and <dd> elements must be contained by a <dl>","html-html-has-lang":"<html> element must have a lang attribute","html-html-lang-valid":"<html> element must have a valid value for the lang attribute","html-html-xml-lang-mismatch":"<html> elements with lang and xml:lang must have the same base language","html-listitem":"<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>","html-marquee":"<marquee> elements are deprecated and must not be used","html-object-alt":"<object> elements must have alternate text","html-list":"<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements","html-video-caption":"<video> elements must have a <track> for captions","html-accesskeys":"accesskey attribute value must be unique","html-area-alt":"Active <area> elements must have alternate text","html-th-has-data-cells":"All <th> elements and elements with role=\"columnheader\" or role=\"rowheader\" must have data cells they describe","html-td-headers-attr":"All cells in a <table> element that use the headers attribute must only refer to other cells of that same <table>","html-td-has-header":"All non-empty <td> elements in tables larger than 3 by 3 must have an associated table header","html-region":"All page content must be contained by landmarks","html-aria-valid-attr":"ARIA attributes must conform to valid names","html-aria-valid-attr-value":"ARIA attributes must conform to valid values","html-aria-command-name":"ARIA button, link, and menuitem must have an accessible name","html-aria-dialog-name":"ARIA dialog and alertdialog must have an accessible name","html-aria-input-field-name":"ARIA input fields must have an accessible name","html-aria-meter-name":"ARIA meter must have an accessible name","html-aria-progressbar-name":"ARIA progressbar must have an accessible name","html-aria-allowed-role":"ARIA role must be appropriate for the element","html-aria-roles":"ARIA roles used must conform to valid values","html-aria-toggle-field-name":"ARIA toggle fields have an accessible name","html-aria-tooltip-name":"ARIA tooltip must have an accessible name","html-aria-treeitem-name":"ARIA treeitem must have an accessible name","html-aria-hidden-focus":"aria-hidden elements do not contain focusable elements","html-aria-hidden-body":"aria-hidden=\"true\" must not be present on the document <body>","html-no-autoplay-audio":"Audio must have controls that provide users with the ability to stop automatically played audio after three seconds","html-autocomplete-valid":"Autocomplete attribute must be used correctly","html-landmark-banner-is-top-level":"Banner landmark must not be contained in another landmark","html-p-as-heading":"Bold, italic text and font-size are not used to style <p> elements as a heading","html-button-name":"Buttons must have discernible text","html-aria-required-parent":"Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parent elements","html-aria-required-children":"Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children","html-landmark-complementary-is-top-level":"Complementary landmarks and\/or asides are top level","html-landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level":"Contentinfo landmark must not be contained in another landmark","html-css-orientation-lock":"CSS Media queries are not used to lock display orientation","html-table-fake-caption":"Data or header cells should not be used to give caption to a data table","html-document-title":"Documents must contain a title element to aid in navigation","html-role-img-alt":"Elements containing role=\"img\"<\/code> have an alternative text","html-focus-order-semantics":"Elements in the focus order need a role appropriate for interactive content","html-aria-allowed-attr":"Elements must only use allowed ARIA attributes","html-tabindex":"Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero","html-presentation-role-conflict":"Elements whose role is none or presentation must not conflict with other roles","html-aria-text":"Ensures role=\"text\" is used on elements with no focusable descendants","html-identical-links-same-purpose":"Ensure that links with the same accessible name serve a similar purpose","html-scrollable-region-focusable":"Ensure that scrollable region has keyboard access","html-landmark-no-duplicate-main":"Ensures the document has at most one main landmark","html-label":"Form <input> elements must have labels","html-label-title-only":"Form <input> elements should have a visible label","html-form-field-multiple-labels":"Form fields do not have duplicate labels","html-frame-focusable-content":"Ensures <frame> and <iframe> elements with focusable content do not have tabindex=-1","html-frame-tested":"Frames must be tested with axe-core","html-frame-title-unique":"Frames must have a unique title attribute","html-frame-title":"Frames must have title attribute","html-heading-order":"Heading levels should only increase by one","html-empty-heading":"Headings must not be empty","html-hidden-content":"Hidden content on the page cannot be analyzed","html-duplicate-id-active":"ID attribute value must be unique","html-duplicate-id":"ID attribute values must be unique","html-duplicate-id-aria":"IDs used in ARIA and labels must be unique","html-input-image-alt":"Image buttons must have alternate text","html-image-alt":"Images must have alternate text","html-avoid-inline-spacing":"Inline text spacing must be adjustable with custom stylesheets","html-input-button-name":"Input buttons must have discernible text","html-nested-interactive":"Nested interactive controls are not announced by screen readers","html-label-content-name-mismatch":"Label and name from content mismatch","html-landmark-unique":"Landmarks must have a unique role or role\/label\/title (i.e. accessible name) combination","html-valid-lang":"lang attribute must have a valid value","html-link-in-text-block":"Links must be distinguished from surrounding text in a way that does not rely on color","html-link-name":"Links must have discernible text","html-landmark-main-is-top-level":"Main landmark must not be contained in another landmark","html-page-has-heading-one":"Page must contain a level-one heading","html-bypass":"Page must have means to bypass repeated blocks","html-landmark-one-main":"Page must have one main landmark","html-landmark-no-duplicate-banner":"Page must not have more than one banner landmark","html-landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo":"Page must not have more than one contentinfo landmark","html-aria-required-attr":"Required ARIA attributes must be provided","html-scope-attr-valid":"Scope attribute should be used correctly on tables","html-select-name":"select element must have an accessible name","html-server-side-image-map":"Server-side image maps must not be used","html-svg-img-alt":"SVG images and graphics require accessible text","html-empty-table-header":"Ensures table headers have discernible text","html-color-contrast":"Text elements must have sufficient color contrast against the background","html-image-redundant-alt":"Text of buttons and links should not be repeated in the image alternative","html-table-duplicate-name":"The <caption> element should not contain the same text as the summary attribute","html-skip-link":"The skip-link target should exist and be focusable","html-meta-refresh":"Timed refresh must not exist","html-aria-roledescription":"Use aria-roledescription on elements with a semantic role","html-meta-viewport-large":"Users should be able to zoom and scale the text up to 500%","html-meta-viewport":"Zooming and scaling must not be disabled","pdf-text-alternative-figure":"Applying text alternatives to images with the Alt entry in PDF documents"}